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Alteration of microbial community structure affects diesel biodegradation in an Arctic soil

机译：微生物群落结构的变化影响北极土壤中柴油的生物降解

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A wide range of microbial taxa are active in hydrocarbon-contaminated Arctic soils, and many are capable of hydrocarbon metabolism. The most effective hydrocarbon degraders may not naturally dominate following contamination events, so shifts in microbial abundance could potentially increase hydrocarbon biodegradation. In this study, we contaminated an Arctic soil with diesel and used gentamicin and vancomycin to inhibit distinct portions of the microbial community. We measured diesel loss using gas chromatography, bacterial and fungal abundance with qPCR, and assessed bacterial diversity and community composition through Ion Torrent sequencing of 16S rRNA gene amplicons. The combined addition of both antibiotics increased diesel biodegradation significantly relative to the no-antibiotic treatment, despite reduced bacterial and fungal abundance; however, this effect was not observed when nutrients were also added. All treatments produced unique bacterial communities, and both Xanthomonadaceae and Micrococcineae were dominant in the dual antibiotic treatment. The bacterial communities resulting from dual gentamicin and vancomycin addition were similar both with and without nutrients, although nutrient addition produced a much larger fungal population, which may partly explain the differences in biodegradation between these two treatments. These results suggest that the most efficient hydrocarbon-degrading community may not always be promoted naturally in contaminated soils.
机译：在受碳氢化合物污染的北极土壤中，有许多微生物类群是活跃的，而且许多生物类都能够进行碳氢化合物的代谢。在污染事件之后，最有效的碳氢化合物降解剂可能不会自然地占主导地位，因此微生物丰度的变化可能会增加碳氢化合物的生物降解能力。在这项研究中，我们用柴油污染了北极土壤，并用庆大霉素和万古霉素抑制了微生物群落的不同部分。我们使用气相色谱法，qPCR检测细菌和真菌的丰度来测量柴油损失，并通过16S rRNA基因扩增子的离子激流测序来评估细菌多样性和群落组成。尽管减少了细菌和真菌的丰度，但与非抗生素处理相比，两种抗生素的联合添加显着提高了柴油的生物降解。但是，当还添加营养素时，未观察到这种效果。所有处理均产生独特的细菌群落，黄单胞菌科和微球菌科均在双重抗生素治疗中占主导地位。庆大霉素和万古霉素双重添加导致的细菌群落在有营养和无营养的情况下都相似，尽管添加营养会产生更大的真菌种群，这可能部分解释了这两种处理之间生物降解的差异。这些结果表明，在受污染的土壤中，并非总能自然促进最有效的碳氢化合物降解群落。

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